The bombesin (BN)-like peptides mediate a diverse spectrum of biological activities and have been implicated as autocrine growth factors in the pathogenesis and progression of some human small cell lung carcinoma tumors. Previously, two mammalian BN-like peptide receptor subtypes, gastrin-releasing peptide receptor and neuromedin-B receptor, have been cloned and characterized. In this study, we have isolated and characterized human genomic and complementary DNA (cDNA) clones encoding a new BN-like peptide receptor subtype, BN receptor subtype 3 (BRS-3). Expression of BRS-3 cDNA in Xenopus oocytes encodes a functional receptor that is specifically activated by BN-like peptides. Chromosome mapping studies indicate that the BRS-3 gene is located on human chromosome X. BRS-3 mRNA expression in rat tissues is limited to secondary spermatocytes in testis. In contrast, BRS-3 mRNA is widely expressed in a panel of human cell lines from all histological types of lung carcinoma. These results suggest a role for BN-like peptides and their receptors in mammalian reproductive physiology and also indicate that BRS-3 could serve as a potential therapeutic target for human lung carcinoma.