During a 17 year period, 23 patients with primary tracheal tumor underwent surgery in the PUMC Hospital. Of them, 11 cases were benign tumors and 12 had low malignancies. 11 patients with benign tumors received 14 times of apoxesis of the tumor. 12 cases with low malignancies underwent 15 times of operations including local resection of the tracheal wall and tumor in 4 cases, and tumor apoxesis as well as electrocautery on the basis in 10 cases. Eight of 9 patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma were treated postoperatively with irradiation. Eleven cases with benign tumors were followed up for an average 6.3 of years. Nine cases with adenoid cystic carcinoma were followed up for an average 7.6 of years and 5 year survival rate was 75% (6/8). Among them 3 cases survived longer than 10 years. The authors consider that the local resection and tumor apoxesis can yet be regarded as a simple and effective way of surgical treatment for primary tracheal tumor.