The risk of domestic reinfestation by Triatoma infestans after a single community-wide application of delta-methrin (2.5% suspension concentrate at 25 mg active ingredient/m2) was studied in Amamá, north-west Argentina, where no insecticide spraying had been done by official control services. The percentage of infested houses fell from 88% before spraying in 1985 to nil during the 6 months after spraying, and thereafter increased from 5% in 1986 to 96% before a second treatment in 1992, fitting closely to a logistic model (r2 = 0.997). Significant risk factors associated with domestic reinfestation determined from stepwise logistic regression and one-factor analysis were the density of T. infestans in bedrooms just before spraying and the surface structure of indoor walls. Peak densities of bugs in 1988-1989 significantly differed between levels of both risk factors. Our study suggests the existence of stable determinants of infestation linked to the household which, in the absence of effective control measures, would also determine the speed of house recolonization and the ensuing bug densities. Plastering of mud walls before application of insecticides to all domestic and peridomestic structures is supported by the study.