A patient with a history of pulmonary tuberculosis was treated in 1949 with Lucite sphere plombage thoracoplasty. She subsequently developed squamous cell carcinoma of the lung despite having no history of exposure to known carcinogens associated with the development of squamous cell carcinoma. The patient's lung carcinoma developed adjacent to the plombage space. Lung carcinoma has not previously been reported in association with Lucite sphere plombage.