Allogeneic and autologous bone marrow transplantation are performed with increasing frequency for a variety of malignancies as well as certain nonmalignant disorders. Physical toxicities associated with treatment are often substantial. Patients may also experience psychological, social, sexual, and vocational difficulties following treatment, which can have an adverse effect on quality of life. This article reviews selected aspects of physical and psychosocial functioning following allogeneic and autologous transplantation and provides recommendations for future quality of life research in the transplant setting.