The tubal environment holds a strategic location with respect to the reproductive processes. Histological visualization and biochemical analysis have shown that both oviductal tissue activity and fluid constituents are influenced by the hormonal state of the female. Also, tubal epithelial synthetic activity appears to be affected by the proximal embryo. The functional importance of differential oviductal secretions is presently unclear. However, the techniques of in vitro fertilization, embryo transfer, and culture aid in defining minimal developmental requirements and effects of cyclic secretions on embryologic events.
PIP: Literature on the biochemistry and physiology of oviduct secretions and their role in the reproductive process is reviewed. Constituents of oviductal fluid have been identified in several mammalian species. Histological observation and biochemical analysis have revealed that the activity of oviductal tissue and its fluid constituents are affected by the hormonal status of the female. It remains uncertain whether the oviduct and its secretions are required for normal ovum development during the preimplantation process. tubal epithelial synthetic activity appears to be influenced by the embryo. Specific tubal secretions, possibly stimulated by direct epithelial contact with the zygote, may be necessary for directing embryologic differentiation. The techniques of in vitro fertilization, embryo transfer, and tissue culture analysis are helpful in establishing minimal requirements for ovum development, and the role of cyclic secretions in embryologic events.