Reduction of signal fluctuation in functional MRI using navigator echoes

Magn Reson Med. 1994 May;31(5):495-503. doi: 10.1002/mrm.1910310505.

Abstract

Functional magnetic resonance imaging is sensitive to signal fluctuations due to physiological motion and system instability. In this paper, motion-related signal fluctuations are studied, and a method that uses navigator echoes to monitor and compensate for signal fluctuations in a gradient-echo sequence is described. The technique acquires a "navigator" signal before the application of the phase-encoding and readout gradients and corrects the phase of the subsequently acquired imaging data. This technique was implemented on a 4 Tesla whole body system and validated on normal volunteers. With this technique, temporal fluctuations in image intensity were substantially reduced and improved functional activation maps were obtained.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Artifacts
  • Cerebrospinal Fluid
  • Fourier Analysis
  • Humans
  • Image Enhancement / methods*
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging / methods*
  • Motor Cortex / anatomy & histology
  • Motor Skills / physiology
  • Movement
  • Photic Stimulation
  • Respiration
  • Visual Cortex / anatomy & histology