Healing the gastroduodenal mucosa through Helicobacter pylori eradication leads to a dramatic reduction in gastroduodenal ulcer relapse. Eradication of H. pylori proves to be difficult. Although the organism is sensitive to many antibiotics in vitro, the in vivo eradicating efficacy is often disappointing. This overview summarizes the most commonly used currently-available eradication schemes and the consequences of successful eradication in peptic ulcer disease.