Birth in standing position: a high frequency of third degree tears

Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1994 Sep;73(8):630-3. doi: 10.3109/00016349409013456.

Abstract

Background: During the past years a major change in the use of delivery position has occurred in Sweden. Recumbent delivery positions have been replaced by a variety of positions: squatting, standing, lateral, kneeling and quadruped. The consequences of this shift in obstetrical practice for development of perineal lacerations are largely unknown.

Method: Retrospective comparison of uncomplicated deliveries in standing (n = 650) and sitting (n = 264) position with respect to third degree lacerations.

Results: The standing and sitting delivery group were similar with respect to maternal, infant and delivery characteristics. The frequency of third degree tears was 2.50% in standing and 0.38% in sitting birth position (p < 0.05). In nulliparous women, third degree tears occurred in 4.2% in standing and 1.0% in sitting position.

Conclusion: The present data implies that the risk of third degree lacerations is considerably higher (7 x) in standing than in sitting birth positions.

Publication types

  • Clinical Trial
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Delivery, Obstetric / methods
  • Female
  • Gestational Age
  • Humans
  • Maternal Age
  • Obstetric Labor Complications / epidemiology
  • Obstetric Labor Complications / etiology*
  • Parity
  • Perineum / injuries*
  • Posture*
  • Pregnancy
  • Risk Factors
  • Sweden / epidemiology