Because menopause and its consequences constitute an endocrinopathy, long-term administration of HRT is often necessary to achieve optimal results. Compliance is therefore an important consideration in the clinical use of HRT. A number of factors appear to influence physicians in their prescribing of HRT, including estimates of benefits and risks that may not be supported by scientific data. In addition, some physicians appear to use patterns of administration of HRT that may diminish the chance of appropriate patient compliance, or of maximizing benefits while minimizing risks. Patients may elect to avoid HRT or stop HRT prematurely because of incorrect impressions about the benefits and risks, or because of bothersome side effects. Although the side effects are more prevent some appropriate candidates from using HRT. Fortunately, a range of possible options is available for prescribing HRT, and modifications may be used for patients who are experiencing problems. In order for patients to receive maximum benefit from HRT, clinicians must be willing to educate and reassure patients, and to adjust therapy when problems occur.