The presence of various types of birthmarks was determined in 3,345 Chinese infants under 48 hours of age. Mongolian spots were present in 86.3% of the studied infants. Vascular lesions included salmon patch (22.6%), port-wine stain (0.4%), and strawberry marks (0.7%). Nevocellular nevi (1%), sebaceous nevi (0.1%), and café au lait spots (0.4%) were also found. The following non-birthmark skin changes were observed: erythema toxicum neonatorum (33.7%), preauricular tags (1.3%), preauricular pits (2.5%) and a hyperpigmented scrotum (31.3%; in 1,727 male infants), which was related to the presence of mongolian spots.