In a study of 88 patients with EDTA-dependent pseudothrombocytopenia (PTCP), EDTA-dependent antiplatelet antibodies were seen in the sera of 72 (81.8%) patients (44 IgM, 25 IgG, and 3 IgA). The same sera also were tested for anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL), and 56 (63.6%) patients had sera that also were reactive for aCL (33 IgM, 21 IgG, and 2 IgA). The 16 patients who were negative for antiplatelet antibodies also were negative for aCL antibody. Overall concordance between antiplatelet and aCL antibodies was 82.9%; the correlation between antiplatelet and aCL antibody isotype distribution was 82.1%. Following cardiolipin absorption, most of the PTCP-sera were negative for antiplatelet activity, and no longer reproduced platelet clumping when incubated with normal blood. This finding showed that the antiplatelet antibodies cross-reacted with negatively charged phospholipids. However, after absorption on normal platelets, complete inhibition of aCL activity was observed in 34 (60.7%), and partial inhibition in 14 of the 56 patients who were aCL positive. These findings support the hypothesis that antibody subpopulations (naturally occurring autoantibodies) directed against negatively charged phospholipids can bind to antigens modified by EDTA on the platelet membrane, and may be responsible for PTCP genesis.