The vitamin status of a representative population sample in a French district in the Paris area was assessed using a biochemical and dietary approach. Complete data were obtained for 1039 subjects 6 to 97 years old. Dietary intakes of most vitamins increased up to adolescence and then remained stable or decreased slightly in adult life. Total vitamin intakes were higher in men than in women (except for ascorbic acid), but the vitamin density of the diet was higher in females. Most subjects presented dietary intakes below the French recommended allowances for vitamin B1, B6, C, A and E. A variation in biochemical parameters according to age and sex was observed only for serum concentration of retinol, beta-carotene, vitamin E and C. Multiple regression analysis showed that dietary vitamin intakes were related to the biological status for vitamin B2, B6, C, folates, beta-carotene and vitamin E. Tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption and oral contraceptive were significantly correlated with biological status for several vitamins. While biochemical evidence of severe vitamin deficiency was not observed, a sizeable minority of the French population is not lavishly supplied with some vitamins, and this situation deserves investigation to see if any deleterious effects are associated with it.