Neurogenic pain is by definition linked to a lesion of the pain pathways at any level. There are many causes for the neurological pain which can be present in sympathetic disorders, in peripheral neuropathies and central nervous disorders too. In despite of these multiple aetiologies, the neurological pain is characterised by: demyelinisation at the anatomic lesion; a spontaneous firing described by the authors as related to three mechanisms, sensitivation, deafferentation and lost of inhibition; a common and specific clinical semiology very different indeed from the peripheral pain described as a surafferentation.