The authors studied the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging appearance of excised human arteries and correlated these findings with those from histologic sections obtained in corresponding planes. Imaging was performed with a 1.5-T clinical imager modified with an additional gradient insert capable of a 30 mT/m gradient. High-resolution images of arteries obtained at autopsy indicated that the medial and adventitial layers could be distinguished and that T2-weighted sequences offered superior contrast. Intimal thickening could be detected at a relatively early stage as a long T2 rim on the luminal surface of the artery. Atherosclerotic plaque was found to have MR properties similar to those of intimal thickening, although necrotic regions within plaque had low signal intensity. Fat suppression sequences did not significantly alter the appearance of atherosclerotic plaque. Calcified plaque produced effects ranging from slight signal loss to signal void. MR imaging findings correlated reliably with the tissue types indicated by histologic analysis.