Transurethral microwave irradiation followed immediately by TURP was carried out in 120 BPH patients with a self-designed transurethral microwave irradiator. To relieve obstruction partial resection of the prostate was made to form a smooth prostatic tract. Moreover, regression of the residual prostatic tissue caused by hyperthermia also occurred. The success rate was 96.7%, The procedure, simple, safe and effective, is especially suitable for high risk patients. The extent of thermal distribution of 2450 MHz microwave and its destructive effects were investigated. The surgical technique of combined transurethral microwave irradiation and resection of prostate and its complications are discussed.