This study investigated the relationship between race, psychological resources of sense of control and caregiver mastery, and distress outcomes of caregiver depression and role stain among 77 African American and 138 White spouse caregivers of persons with dementia. Patterns of association between psychological resources and caregiving distress outcomes varied by type of outcome. Sense of control had a direct negative relationship with depression. Caregiver mastery moderated the effects of stressors on depression and was the only significant psychological resource predicting role strain. Although African American caregivers were less likely to report caregiver depression and role strain, there were no race differences in the process influencing caregiver distress.