Seven cases of acute neuraxitis due to Coxsackie B3, 2 to mumps, 1 to measles, and 1 to influenza B observed in the province of Alessandria between Jan. 1975 and July 1977 are described. In the coxsackie cases, blood chemistry and clinical examinations were coupled with determination of serum levels of complement fixing, haemagglutin-inhibiting and neutralising antibodies on two successive specimens, isolation of virus from cerebrospinal fluid and faeces, and, in one case, from a cerebral biopsy specimen, and determination of cerebrospinal fluid IgA, IgG, and IgM. Some particularly interesting epidemiological, immunological and clinical features of teh series are discussed more fully.