The abnormal cutaneous flora of hemodialysis (HD) patients might contribute to their frequent septic complications. We compared the effects of 13 wk of Betadine and 13 wk of Hibiclens on the skin flora of HD patients and personnel. Skin cultures were obtained weekly immediately prior to the disinfection, preceding each triweekly HD treatment, and monthly, at 2 and 4 hr postdisinfection. Total bacterial counts from predisinfection cultures were not significantly altered over either 13-wk treatment period. Hibiclens reduced total bacterial counts (p less than 0.01) and eradicated cutaneous staphylococci (p = 0.032) at both 2 and 4 hr postdisinfection significantly more than did Betadine. No reduction of staphylococcal sensitivity to either germicidal agent could be demonstrated. Neither agent was associated with severe adverse reactions and Hibiclens could not be detected in the blood. Hibiclens appears to offer short-term advantages over Betadine in the HD setting because of significantly longer duration of antibacterial activity.