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The fetal valproate syndrome.
We evaluated seven children who had been exposed to sodium valproate (or valproic acid) in utero. A consistent facial phenotype was observed in all seven in addition to other birth defects in four. The facial changes consisted of epicanthal folds which continued inferiorly and laterally to form a crease or groove just under the orbit, flat nasal bridge, small upturned nose, long upper lip with a relatively shallow philtrum, a thin upper vermillion border, and downturned angles of the mouth. Hypospadias, strabismus, and psychomotor delay were found in two males; two children had nystagmus and two had low birth weight.
PMID: 6439041 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Cited by 14 PubMed Central articles
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Dysmorphic features: an important clue to the diagnosis and severity of fetal anticonvulsant syndromes.
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[Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2006]
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ReviewManagement of epilepsy in women.
O'Brien MD, Gilmour-White SK.
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[Postgrad Med J. 2005]
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The longer term outcome of children born to mothers with epilepsy.
Adab N, Kini U, Vinten J, Ayres J, Baker G, Clayton-Smith J, Coyle H, Fryer A, Gorry J, Gregg J, et al.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2004 Nov; 75(11):1575-83.
[J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2004]
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