Two patients, one with malnutrition due to anorexia nervosa and one with Cushing's syndrome, showed evidence of cerebral atrophy by computed tomography (CT) of the brain. Several months after the original diagnosis of cerebral atrophy, follow-up CT studies demonstrated essentially total return to normality. It is postulated that the mechanism responsible for the described atrophic changes may be related to protein loss or fluid retention, or both. Correction of these metabolic abnormalities may be followed, as in the two cases reported here, by reversion of the CT findings to normality.