Disseminated candidiasis is likely to become an increasing problem in cancer patients. It has occurred in patients undergoing intensive chemotherapy, thermotherapy, and bone marrow transplant. The availability of broad-spectrum cephalosporins with biliary excretion is likely to increase the problem. Although localized candidiasis responds to both topical and parenteral therapy, systemic candidiasis is often fatal, especially in neutropenic patients. A major obstacle to control of this infection is inadequate diagnostic techniques. It is to be hoped that continuing research will yield more effective diagnostic and therapeutic measures.