The ninth case of a primary renal malignant fibrous histiocytoma to appear in the English literature is described. The patient underwent preoperative renal artery embolization followed by radical nephrectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy. While adjuvant chemotherapy has prolonged the disease-free interval and improved the survival rates for patients with tumor arising at other sites, its use in our patient did not prevent the development of metastasis and the patient's early death.