Aspiration cytology has been performed in 2,180 cases of breast alterations. Cytological examination was followed by histological control in 967 cases. Diagnostic value (sensitivity) of the method proved to be as high as 83%. As a matter of principle, the technique cannot substitute histology. Using in combination with other clinical diagnostic measures like palpation, mammography, xeromammography, thermography the diagnostic possibilities are multipled. This preoperative morphological test of orientatory value which is rapid, cheap and painless and devoid of any complications is worth of widespread use. According to the authors opinion its routine application in the clinical practice is highly desirable.