The results of a 1977 survey regarding places and types of thoracic surgical procedures performed in the United States are analyzed. Responses gathered from 2,240 thoracic surgeons showed that active thoracic surgeons between 34 and 54 years old performed 195,850 major thoracic or cardiac operations per year. Fifty-four percent of active surgeons responding were in solo practice, 40% practiced in groups of 2 to 5 surgeons, and the reamining 6% were in groups of 6 or more. Community size, regional distribution of services, proportion of professional activities allocated to various procedures, and estimates of additional capacity are also summarized.