Pneumococcal meningitis, because of their frequency and their severity, are regarded as an important problem of Public Health in Africa. In a great number of African countries, particularly Equatorial and Central Africa, the pneumococcus is the first agent of bacterial meningitis. The annual prevalence is estimated as about 14/100 000 persons. The case fatality rate (on 1 600 cases) is 49,5% ; the annual mortality reaches about 7/100 000 (28 000 annual deaths in Africa). The babies and the old persons are more exposed to the risk, with an annual prevalence of 28,5/100 000 before five years old, and of 16,1/100 000 after sixty years old. The risk is small between five and forty five years old. The risk is very high in patients homozygous for sickle-cell disease. The spread of all detected serotypes, by descending frequency is : 1, 5, 6, 3, 23, 12, 2, 14, 9, 18, 19, 4, 8, 29, 40, others (Danish system of nomenclature). The distribution according to age is indicated by the authors. A vaccine with only 8 serotypes (1, 5, 6, 3, 23, 12, 2, 14) could cover 80% of serotypes in Dakar. For the babies, addition to pneumococcal vaccine with polyribose phosphate of Haemophilus influenzae b, could be useful, because high prevalence of meningitis with this germ before five years old in Africa.