The authors described experience of the use of nonmedicinal therapeutic-rehabilitation methods and complexes on the basis of summarized data on therapy and rehabilitation of patients with nonspecific pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases. The main emphasis was placed on physical factors, their peculiarities and general mechanisms of action. Various aspects in the use of physical factors were described: their earliest use in active forms of diseases, an opportunity to prevent negative reactions during therapy and a differentiated use with account of the pathogenetic mechanisms of disease. The prophylactic and rehabilitation role of these factors and their importance raising the medicoeconomic efficacy were emphasized.