Headache parameters, personality variables and stress factors were assessed in a sample of about 2,300 school pupils between 10 and 17 years of age in Amsterdam. More than 15% of the subjects reported headaches occurring weekly. Fear of failure and school problems, but not achievement motivation, had significant positive correlations with headache complaints after correction for differences in sex and age. Menarche and social class had little bearing in relation to the headache variables. From all reported causes of headache, stress was mentioned most frequently in both elementary and secondary schools.