Abstract
Initial skepticism that paternally administered drugs could damage the developing fetus has given way to concern that lead, narcotics, ethanol, anticonvulsants, anesthetic gases, caffeine, or cigarette smoke ingested at the time of conception might damage sperm or sperm motility or have indirect effects resulting in an increase in neonatal morbidity and mortality.
MeSH terms
-
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced / etiology
-
Anesthetics / adverse effects
-
Animals
-
Anticonvulsants / adverse effects
-
Ethanol / adverse effects
-
Fathers*
-
Female
-
Fetus / drug effects*
-
Humans
-
Lead / adverse effects
-
Male
-
Narcotics / adverse effects
-
Pregnancy
-
Semen / drug effects
-
Smoking / complications
-
Spermatozoa / drug effects
Substances
-
Anesthetics
-
Anticonvulsants
-
Narcotics
-
Lead
-
Ethanol