Novel antibacterial titanium implant healing abutment with dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate to combat implant-related infections

Wen Zhou; Jingou Liang; Xiaoyu Huang; Michael D Weir; Radi Masri; Thomas W Oates; Hockin H K Xu; Lei Cheng

doi:10.1016/j.dental.2023.11.011

Novel antibacterial titanium implant healing abutment with dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate to combat implant-related infections

Dent Mater. 2024 Feb;40(2):244-253. doi: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.11.011. Epub 2023 Nov 18.

Authors

Wen Zhou¹, Jingou Liang², Xiaoyu Huang³, Michael D Weir⁴, Radi Masri⁴, Thomas W Oates⁴, Hockin H K Xu⁵, Lei Cheng⁶

Affiliations

¹ Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350002, China; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
² State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
³ State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
⁴ Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
⁵ Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. Electronic address: hxu2@umaryland.edu.
⁶ State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China. Electronic address: chenglei@scu.edu.cn.

PMID: 37981511
DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.11.011

Abstract

Objective: Implant-related infections from the adhesion and proliferation of dental plaque are a major challenge for dental implants. The objectives of this study were to: (1) develop novel antibacterial titanium (Ti) healing abutment; (2) investigate the inhibition of implant infection-related pathogenic bacteria and saliva-derived biofilm, and evaluate the biocompatibility of the new material for the first time.

Methods: Dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) and hydroxyapatite (HAP) were polymerized via polydopamine (PDA) on Ti. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Streptococcus sanguinis (S. sanguinis) and human saliva-derived biofilms were tested. After 4 weeks of DMAHDM release, the antibacterial efficacy of the DMAHDM remaining on Ti surface and the DMADHM in medium was tested. Biocompatibility was determined using human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) and periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs).

Results: The DMAHDM-loaded coating filled into the nano-voids in Ti surfaces. The modified Ti showed potent antibacterial activity, reducing the CFU of S. aureus, S. sanguinis and saliva-derived biofilms by 8, 7 and 4 log, respectively (P < 0.05). After 4 weeks of release, the modified Ti was still able to reduce S. aureus and S. sanguinis biofilm CFU by 1-3 log (P < 0.05). This provided strong antibacterial function for more than 4 weeks, which were the high-risk period for implant infections. The new material showed excellent biocompatibility when compared to control (P > 0.05).

Conclusion: Novel DMAHDM-loaded Ti healing abutment had strong antibacterial effects, reducing biofilm CFUs by orders of magnitude, and lasting for over four weeks to cover the high-risk period for implant infections. The novel antibacterial Ti is promising to combat implant-related infections in dental, craniofacial and orthopedic applications.

Keywords: Antibacterial titanium healing abutment; Biofilms; Dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate; Hydroxyapatite; Implant infections; Polydopamine.

MeSH terms

Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacology
Biofilms
Dental Implants*
Humans
Methacrylates / pharmacology
Methylamines*
Staphylococcus aureus
Titanium* / pharmacology

Substances

dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate
Titanium
Dental Implants
Anti-Bacterial Agents
Methacrylates
Methylamines