The effect of multiple factors on water-soluble inorganic ions in diesel particulate matter emissions

Mengqi Fu; Juan Liu; Liang Qu; Shuangxi Liu; Kaibo Lu; Youzhen Tao; Shuai Zhao; Zhenguo Li; Penghui Li; Taosheng Jin

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132236

The effect of multiple factors on water-soluble inorganic ions in diesel particulate matter emissions

J Hazard Mater. 2023 Oct 5:459:132236. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132236. Epub 2023 Aug 6.

Authors

Mengqi Fu¹, Juan Liu², Liang Qu³, Shuangxi Liu⁴, Kaibo Lu³, Youzhen Tao⁵, Shuai Zhao³, Zhenguo Li⁴, Penghui Li⁶, Taosheng Jin⁷

Affiliations

¹ School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, PR China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, PR China.
² School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, PR China. Electronic address: liujuanhuanjing@email.tjut.edu.cn.
³ Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, PR China.
⁴ National Engineering Laboratory for Mobile Source Emission Control Technology, China Automotive Technology & Research Center Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300300, PR China.
⁵ College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, PR China.
⁶ School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, PR China.
⁷ Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, PR China. Electronic address: jints@nankai.edu.cn.

PMID: 37572604
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132236

Abstract

The water-soluble inorganic ions (WSII) in diesel particulate matter (DPM) have a significant impact on ambient air quality and human health. In this study, the 12 groups of bench tests were conducted to analyze the emission characteristics of two diesel engines, taking into account the influence of engine parameters, test cycle, fuel types, and after-treatment measures. Compared to conventional diesel, a blend of diesel with 5 % biodiesel resulted in a reduction of the WSII emission factors by 23.7-48.0 %. The emission factors of WSII decreased by 8.4 % after installing selective catalytic reduction (SCR). Dummy variable regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between WSII and influencing factors. The emission factors of Na⁺, K⁺, and Ca²⁺ were mostly affected by the engine, potentially due to the use of coolants and lubricants containing metal oxides in the engine. The emission factors of NO₃^- were mainly affected by the test cycle. Techniques for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) were used to analyze the priority of emission reduction technologies. The results indicated that SCR, biodiesel, and low-sulfur diesel could effectively reduce WSII. This study aims to explore the influence of multiple factors on WSII, providing valuable insights for future research on WSII in DPM.

Keywords: After-treatment; Fuel; Statistical analysis; Test cycle; Water-soluble inorganic ions.