Validation of the Farsi Version of the Adult Concentration Inventory for Assessing Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome

Dena Sadeghi-Bahmani; Hadi Parhoon; Maryam Esmaeili; Kamal Parhoon; Laleh Sadeghi Bahmani; Habibolah Khazaie; Stephen P Becker; G Leonard Burns; Serge Brand

doi:10.3390/jcm12144607

Validation of the Farsi Version of the Adult Concentration Inventory for Assessing Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome

J Clin Med. 2023 Jul 11;12(14):4607. doi: 10.3390/jcm12144607.

Authors

Dena Sadeghi-Bahmani^{1

2}, Hadi Parhoon^#³, Maryam Esmaeili^#⁴, Kamal Parhoon⁵, Laleh Sadeghi Bahmani⁶, Habibolah Khazaie⁷, Stephen P Becker^{8

9}, G Leonard Burns¹⁰, Serge Brand^{11

12

13

14

15}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
² Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
³ Department of Psychology, Razi University, Kermanshah 6714414971, Iran.
⁴ Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 8174673441, Iran.
⁵ Department of Psychology, Kharazmi University, Tehran 1571914911, Iran.
⁶ Department of Education and Psychology, Shahid Ashrafi Esfahani University, Isfahan 8179949999, Iran.
⁷ Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah 6714415185, Iran.
⁸ Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
⁹ Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
¹⁰ Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
¹¹ Center for Affective, Sleep and Stress Disorders, Psychiatric Clinics of the University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland.
¹² Division of Sport Science and Psychosocial Health, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, 4052 Basel, Switzerland.
¹³ Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah 6714415185, Iran.
¹⁴ School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 1441987566, Iran.
¹⁵ Center for Disaster Psychiatry and Disaster Psychology, Psychiatric Clinics of the University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland.

^# Contributed equally.

Abstract

The internal and external validity of cognitive disengagement syndrome (CDS) relative to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-inattention (ADHD-IN) was evaluated herein with Farsi-speaking adults. A total of 837 Iranian adults assessed throughout the whole country (54.72% women, M_age = 23.85; SD = 7.05; age range = 18 to 58 years; 75% between 18 and 24 years old; reporting higher educational training) completed self-report measures of CDS, ADHD-IN, ADHD-hyperactivity/impulsivity (HI), depression, anxiety, and stress. Seven of the fifteen CDS symptoms showed a good convergent (high loadings on the CDS factor) and discriminant (higher loadings on the CDS factor than the ADHD-IN factor) validity. CDS also showed stronger first-order and unique associations with depression than ADHD-IN, whereas ADHD-IN showed stronger first-order and unique associations with ADHD-HI and anxiety than CDS. The first-order and unique associations of CDS and ADHD-IN did not differ in relation to stress. This study is the first to support the validity of the self-report of assessing CDS symptoms with the Adult Concentration Inventory with Farsi-speaking individuals residing in Iran, thus further strengthening the transcultural validity of the CDS, and paving the way for further transcultural research in the field of CDS among adults.

Keywords: Farsi; cognitive disengagement syndrome; confirmatory factor analysis; psychometrics; sluggish cognitive tempo.

Grants and funding

This study was performed without external funding.