Evaluation of 644 Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy Patients in a Single Center

Objective: Our study aimed to review and evaluate the indications, complications, complication-related risk factors, and mortality rates of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) performed in a single university hospital.

Methods: We retrospectively examined hospital records of all 819 patients who underwent PEG between January 2010 and January 2019. Patients whose information was not available for various reasons, who had a history of gastrectomy, who were under 18 years old, and/or who had undergone PEG before, were excluded from the study.

Results: The mean age of the patients was 65.12 ± 15.42 years, and the majority of the patients (60.6%) were female. In the vast majority of patients, the PEG indication was due to neurological causes (71.5%), among which the majority was a stroke. The overall complication rate in our study was 11.2%. The most common was a peristomal infection in 37 (5.7%) patients. Patients who were not under any antibiotic treatment and/or had diabetes mellitus had a higher risk for peristomal infection. Dementia increased the risk of tube dislodgement. The use of clopidogrel, the simultaneous use of aspirin and clopidogrel, and hypertension were independent risk factors for bleeding complications. The one-year mortality risk was significantly higher in patients who underwent PEG due to neurological causes compared to those who underwent PEG due to malignancy or other reasons (p = 0.021, p = 0.038, respectively).

Conclusion: The PEG procedure is a safe and feasible technique due to its low complication and mortality rate in patients with swallowing disorders who need long-term nutritional support.