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    Eur Urol. 1986;12(3):171-3.

    Epidural morphine: a new approach to combined anesthesia and analgesia in urological patients.

    Moskovitz B, Bolkier M, Ginesin Y, Levin DR, Rosenberg B.

    The effect of combined epidural anesthesia and epidural morphine injection is discussed. A group of 98 patients (group A), chosen at random, was operated on under such combined anesthesia and compared to a similar group of 98 patients (group B), equally chosen at random, operated on under either spinal or general anesthesia with no epidural morphine added. Over 87% of group A needed no narcotic drugs for postoperative pain. All patients in the group B needed 60-80 mg of morphine during the first 48 postoperative hours. The quantity of morphine required was the main parameter for comparison. The postoperative course in group A was considerably easier while the operative results were equal in both groups.

    PMID: 3709586 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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    Patient drug information