Impacts of commingling preconditioned and auction-derived beef calves on bovine respiratory disease related morbidity, mortality, and weight gain

Sanjaya Mijar; Frank van der Meer; Ed Pajor; Abigail Hodder; Julia Morgan Louden; Sean Thompson; Karin Orsel

doi:10.3389/fvets.2023.1137078

Impacts of commingling preconditioned and auction-derived beef calves on bovine respiratory disease related morbidity, mortality, and weight gain

Front Vet Sci. 2023 Mar 17:10:1137078. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1137078. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Sanjaya Mijar¹, Frank van der Meer², Ed Pajor¹, Abigail Hodder¹, Julia Morgan Louden¹, Sean Thompson³, Karin Orsel¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
² Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
³ Technology Access Centre for Livestock Production, Olds College Centre for Innovation, Olds College, Olds, AB, Canada.

Abstract

Introduction: Stressors predisposing to bovine respiratory disease (BRD) upon arrival in the feedlot, include the ranch to feedlot transition and mixing cattle from multiple sources. Preconditioning (PC) reduces multiple stressors, but commingling PC and auction-derived (AD) calves in a feedlot may increase BRD risk. Our objective was to evaluate PC calf performance over the first 40 days in the feedlot and determine impacts of commingling with varying proportions of AD calves (25, 50, and 75%).

Methods: Calves were either preconditioned at one ranch (n = 250) or mixed-source and bought from a local auction (n = 250). At arrival, calves were assigned into 1 of 5 pens: 100 PC, 75 PC, 50 PC, 25 PC, and 0 PC, reflecting the percentage of PC calves in a 100-head pen.

Results: Over 40 days, morbidity in pen 100 PC was lower compared to 0 PC (24 vs. 50%, P < 0.001) and varied in commingled pens, being highest (63%) in 25 PC and least (21%) in 50 PC (P < 0.05). There were 3 AD deaths in 0 PC and 2 deaths in 25 PC. The AD calves in 0 PC were 3 times more likely to get BRD than PC calves in 100 PC; however, AD calves gained 0.49 kg/d more than PC calves (P < 0.0001). Ignoring pen placement, AD calves were 2.76 times more likely to get BRD but gained 0.27 kg/d more than PC calves (P < 0.0001). Commingling did not affect morbidity of PC (P = 0.5) or AD calves (P = 0.96), implying commingling did not affect health. Calves in 25 PC were 3.39 times more likely to get BRD than those in the 100 PC (P < 0.001). Furthermore, 25 PC calves gained the most (1.08 kg/d), followed by 50 PC (0.62 kg/d) and 75 PC (0.61 kg/d), compared to 100 PC (P < 0.05). Calf weight at arrival modified ADG (P < 0.05).

Discussion: In conclusion, PC calves had lower morbidity over the first 40 days, irrespective of commingling. With larger variations in arrival weight, there was no advantage of PC for ADG in the first 40 days. The unknown weaning strategies and comparable arrival weights of AD calves may have contributed to greater ADG in AD calves.

Keywords: auction-derived; average daily gain (ADG); fence-line weaning; health performance; mixing; preconditioning.

Grants and funding

This study was financially supported by the Major Innovation Fund, Alberta, Beef Cattle Research Council, Results Driven Agriculture Research, and Anderson-Chisholm Chair in Animal Care and Welfare.