To understand the clinical characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection and the main risk factors affecting clinical prognosis, providing a reference for clinical prevention and control of Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection. In this study, the clinical data of 152 patients with Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection admitted to Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital from January 2019 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed by reviewing the electronic medical record system, including underlying diseases, clinical characteristics, risk factors, and bacterial resistance. Statistical methods such as Chi-Squared Test and t Test were used to analyze the related risk factors that may affect the clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bloodstream infection, then the variables with P<0.05 in univariate analysis were included in the multivariate logistic regression model to analyze the independent risk factors of poor prognosis. The results showed among 152 patients with Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection, 50 patients (32.89%) were infected with MRSA. In comparison, 102 patients (67.11%) were infected with methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). Except for rifampicin, the resistance rate of MRSA to commonly used antibiotics was all higher than that of MSSA, and the difference was statistically significant (Chi-square values were 8.272, 11.972, 4.998, 4.776, respectively;all P-values are less than 0.05). Strains resistant to vancomycin, linezolid, and quinupristin/dalfopristin were not found. In the MRSA group, indwelling catheter and drainage tube, carbapenems, and β-lactamase inhibitor treatment were significantly higher than the MSSA group. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The incidence of poor prognosis of bloodstream infection in the MRSA group was higher than that in the MSSA group (34.00% vs 13.73%), and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=8.495, P<0.05). No independent risk factors associated with poor prognosis were found in the included patients with MRSA bloodstream infection.Multivariate Logistic regression model analysis showed that solid malignant tumors (OR=13.576, 95%CI: 3.352-54.977, P<0.05), mechanical ventilation (OR=7.468, 95%CI: 1.398-39.884, P<0.05) were the most important independent risk factors for poor prognosis in patients with Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection. In summary, the poor prognosis rate of MRSA bloodstream infection is higher than that of MSSA. The clinical evaluation of related risk factors should be strengthened, targeted prevention and control interventions should be taken to improve the prognosis of patients with Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection, and the use of antibiotics should be rational and standardized, to control bacterial infection and drug resistance effectively.
探讨金黄色葡萄球菌血流感染的临床特征及影响预后的主要危险因素，为临床预防和控制金黄色葡萄球菌血流感染提供参考依据。本研究回顾性分析广东省人民医院2019年1月至2021年12月诊治的152例金黄色葡萄球菌血流感染患者的临床资料，包括基础疾病、临床特点、危险因素、细菌耐药性、治疗药物及预后等临床因素，采用χ2检验、t检验等统计学方法对可能影响金黄色葡萄球菌和耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）血流感染患者临床特征及预后的相关危险因素进行单因素分析，然后将单变量分析中P<0.05的变量纳入多因素logistic回归模型分析其预后不良的独立危险因素。结果显示，152例金黄色葡萄球菌血流感染患者中，检出MRSA 50例（32.89%），甲氧西林敏感金黄色葡萄球菌（MSSA）检出102例（67.11%）。MRSA组留置导尿管、留置引流管、使用碳青霉烯类抗生素、使用β-内酰胺酶抑制剂比率明显高于MSSA组（χ2分别为8.272、11.972、4.998、4.776，P均<0.05）。MRSA组血流感染预后不良发生率高于MSSA组（34.00% vs 13.73%）（χ2=8.495，P<0.05）。在纳入研究的MRSA血流感染患者中尚未发现与预后不良相关的独立危险因素。除对利福平外，MRSA对常用抗菌药物的耐药率均高于MSSA（P<0.05），未发现对万古霉素、利奈唑胺和奎奴普丁/达福普汀耐药株。多因素logistic回归模型分析显示，恶性实体肿瘤（OR=13.576、95%CI：3.352~54.977、P<0.05）、机械通气（OR=7.468、95%CI：1.398~39.884、P<0.05）是金黄色葡萄球菌血流感染患者预后不良的独立危险因素。综上，MRSA血流感染的预后不良率高于MSSA。临床上应加强对相关危险因素的评估，采取有针对性的防控干预措施，以改善金黄色葡萄球菌血流感染患者的预后，合理规范抗菌药物的使用，有效控制细菌感染和耐药性的发生。.