A comprehensive review on the glucoregulatory properties of food-derived bioactive peptides

Food Chem X. 2022 Feb 2:13:100222. doi: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100222. eCollection 2022 Mar 30.

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus, a group of metabolic disorders characterized by persistent hyperglycemia, affects millions of people worldwide and is on the rise. Dietary proteins, from a wide range of food sources, are rich in bioactive peptides with antidiabetic properties. Notable examples include AGFAGDDAPR, a black tea-derived peptide, VRIRLLQRFNKRS, a β-conglycinin-derived peptide, and milk-derived peptide VPP, which have shown antidiabetic effects in diabetic rodent models through variety of pathways including improving beta-cells function, suppression of alpha-cells proliferation, inhibiting food intake, increasing portal cholecystokinin concentration, enhancing insulin signaling and glucose uptake, and ameliorating adipose tissue inflammation. Despite the immense research on glucoregulatory properties of bioactive peptides, incorporation of these bioactive peptides in functional foods or nutraceuticals is widely limited due to the existence of several challenges in the field of peptide research and commercialization. Ongoing research in this field, however, is fundamental to pave the road for this purpose.

Keywords: AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase; Akt, Protein kinase B; Bioactive peptides; C/EBP-α, CCAAT/ enhancer binding protein alpha; CCK, Cholecystokinin; CCK-1R, CCK type 1 receptor; DPP-IV, Dipeptidyl peptidase IV; Diabetes mellitus; ERK1/2, Extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2; GIP, Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide; GLP-1, Glucagon-like peptide 1; GLUT, Glucose transporter; Glucose homeostasis; IRS-1, Insulin receptor substrate-1; Insulin resistance; MAPK, Mitogen activated protein kinase; PI3K, Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; PPARγ, Peroxisome proliferator associated receptor gamma; Reproductive dysfunction; TZD, Thiazolidinedione; cGMP, cyclic guanosine-monophosphate.