Individualizing healthcare and treatment is a core value of the healthcare sector because of the professional importance of accurately diagnosing, treating, and caring for people who are ill (Ho et al., 2020). Although clinicians may have been working to personalize care to the individual health needs of their patients throughout the history of medicine, predicting how specific individuals will respond to specific treatments or healthcare interventions has long been a goal impossible to achieve. Precision health, a broad concept that includes precision medicine, is a term that refers to personalized healthcare based on a person's unique genetic composition as well as related lifestyle, social, economic, cultural and environmental influences that is designed to help individuals achieve well-being and optimal health (Fu et al., 2019). The term "personal medicine" is frequently used in the healthcare sector to describe a population-based approach. However, this approach is less-individualized than precision medicine. Several rising trends in healthcare are providing doctors and nurses with the tools necessary to better access and manage the vast amounts of data needed to provide individualized care in a manner that both improves outcomes and lowers costs. By focusing on health and wellness, nurses can have a meaningful impact on reducing healthcare cost. One way to support the development of precision health initiatives within the nursing context is to develop interventions that match patients' complex phenomena. Tailoring intervention is an intervention method that selects and applies strategies to treat each patient based on her / his specific characteristics (Salmond & Echevarria, 2017). Furthermore, continuous-tuning interventions are one class of tailoring that adjusts and tunes interventions to the changing needs of individuals based on their data (Hekler et al., 2020). Precision health links health-related research and practice as well as medicine, population health, and public health. Nursing roles are important in the implementation of precision health. They provide precision delivery of medications based on knowledge of pharmacogenetics, patient and family education related to the meaning of genomics, health and family assessments, and critical feedback and insights on the feasibility of implementing new technologies into clinical point-of-care or community workflows. Therefore, the domain knowledge of precision health is critical to clinical practice. In line with the rapid pace of development in digital health technologies, the role of medical informatics in advancing personalized healthcare and precision healthcare has been increasingly emphasized (Hussein, 2020). As medical care and healthcare have entered the information era, digital health technologies provide significant opportunities to optimize clinical care. Using digital health technology should provide opportunities to better generate evidence and provide evidence-based medical care and healthcare. To share more information related to clinical trends in precision health and digital care, we have invited expert groups to share their related expertise and experiences. We do hope nurse professionals and healthcare providers are inspired by this topic and the articles in this issue of the journal.
Title: 數位時代下之精準健康與護理照護.
近年來強調疾病的精準診斷、精準治療和個人化照護、個人化醫療（或稱為精準醫學）及健康照護，成為健康照護領域的重要核心價值（Ho et al., 2020）。醫療歷史上，儘管臨床醫師一直致力於個人精準化醫療，以滿足個人化治療與健康需求，然而，僅有精準醫學的概念，可能無法有效地預測個體身心如何應對特定的治療或照護，因此，「精準健康」一詞，近期被認為適用於臨床醫療與健康照護。精準健康是比精準醫學更廣泛之概念。精準健康指的是奠基於個人獨特基因組成之個人化醫療與健康照護，因為除了基因與疾病相關，個體在不同生活方式、社會、經濟、文化和環境影響的背景下，需要更多層面考量，以幫助個體實現良好生活品質和最佳健康（Fu et al., 2019）。目前為止，健康產業經常使用「個人化醫療」一詞來描述「精準醫學」於不同群體的照護方式。然而，個人化醫療對個體的意義不及精準醫學廣泛，精準醫學又不如精準健康廣泛。基於民眾對健康照護體系之高度需求，新趨勢則期待醫護專業人員，透過收集更大量的醫學資料庫與相關數據，並且使用建立在資料庫數據之證據，用於改善病人的預後並有效降低醫療成本，即使用精準健康理念於臨床實務。護理照護方面，護理人員的照護焦距在病人的健康狀態與生活品質，適當發展精準健康方案，有機會降低醫療照護的成本。例如：護理人員可以發展並啟動精準健康方案，建構符合照顧情境中需求之個別性方案，藉由訂製之個人化護理方案，透過不同的策略使用在不同的病人群，特別是針對病人之特殊性需求給予護理措施（Salmond & Echevarria, 2017）。另外，護理人員必須持續「調整」所使用到不同病人的護理介入措施，善用先前不同病人群所呈現並收集的巨量資料，適度分析後，可以調整個人化運用，即應用至相同疾病的不同病人身上(Hekler et al., 2020)。護理人員在精準健康之實踐中具重要角色，且精準健康可連結至健康相關研究、臨床實務、醫療、群體健康、公共衛生等。例如：護理人員可透過精準的方式，即考量到病人的基因、家族史、提供合適與可行之介入方案或衛生教育等；過程透過適當資訊協助與反饋，也可以即時的根據病人與家屬之回饋，再次評估與修改符合病人需求之方案或處置。因此，建議護理人員對精準健康的相關知識深入了解，預期護理人員未來可以透過精準健康概念精進臨床實務與改善病人之健康預後。快速成長的數位健康科技加速醫療資訊整合的速度，並有利於精準健康之推動(Hussein, 2020)。大量資訊化時代來臨，醫療照護對數位健康科技的需求隨之增加，因此，數位健康科技提供很好的機會，讓醫護人員結合更多來自研究實證證據，以資訊化的方式大量導入臨床應用。換言之，數位化健康照護是推動精準健康之重要利基。因此，本專欄邀請專家，針對臨床實務之精準健康與數位照護趨勢撰寫文章，希望臨床護理人員與健康照護從業人員，可以從文章的內容得到啟發，並可以在臨床實務中加以應用。.