Ferrous iron-activatable drug conjugate achieves potent MAPK blockade in KRAS-driven tumors

J Exp Med. 2022 Apr 4;219(4):e20210739. doi: 10.1084/jem.20210739. Epub 2022 Mar 9.

Abstract

KRAS mutations drive a quarter of cancer mortality, and most are undruggable. Several inhibitors of the MAPK pathway are FDA approved but poorly tolerated at the doses needed to adequately extinguish RAS/RAF/MAPK signaling in the tumor cell. We found that oncogenic KRAS signaling induced ferrous iron (Fe2+) accumulation early in and throughout mutant KRAS-mediated transformation. We converted an FDA-approved MEK inhibitor into a ferrous iron-activatable drug conjugate (FeADC) and achieved potent MAPK blockade in tumor cells while sparing normal tissues. This innovation allowed sustainable, effective treatment of tumor-bearing animals, with tumor-selective drug activation, producing superior systemic tolerability. Ferrous iron accumulation is an exploitable feature of KRAS transformation, and FeADCs hold promise for improving the treatment of KRAS-driven solid tumors.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Iron / pharmacology
  • Mutation / genetics
  • Neoplasms* / drug therapy
  • Neoplasms* / genetics
  • Neoplasms* / pathology
  • Protein Kinase Inhibitors / pharmacology
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)* / genetics
  • Signal Transduction

Substances

  • Protein Kinase Inhibitors
  • Iron
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)