P-MMR and LDN beside MMN as Speech-evoked Neural Markers in Children with Cochlear Implants: A Review

Dev Neuropsychol. 2022 Jan-Feb;47(1):1-16. doi: 10.1080/87565641.2021.2004601. Epub 2021 Dec 20.

Abstract

This review mainly explores less-reported neural markers to speech-evoked contrasts in children with cochlear implants (CI). Databases and electronic journals were searched with keywords of "mismatch responses" AND "positive mismatch response" (p-MMR) AND "late discriminate negativity" (LDN). P-MMR likely is as a measurement of brain immaturity in CI children while the developmental trajectories of LDN remain unexplained in older CI children. In CI children, there is a p-MMR-MMN-LDN sequence to speech stimuli developmentally. Whereas these aforementioned neural responses anticipate developmental changes in CI groups, it is still uncertain about the cutoff age for disappearance of p-MMR and LDN.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Acoustic Stimulation
  • Aged
  • Brain
  • Child
  • Cochlear Implants*
  • Electroencephalography
  • Evoked Potentials, Auditory / physiology
  • Humans
  • Speech
  • Speech Perception* / physiology