Non-coding RNAs and their bioengineering applications for neurological diseases

Bioengineered. 2021 Dec;12(2):11675-11698. doi: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2003667.

Abstract

Engineering of cellular biomolecules is an emerging landscape presenting creative therapeutic opportunities. Recently, several strategies such as biomimetic materials, drug-releasing scaffolds, stem cells, and dynamic culture systems have been developed to improve specific biological functions, however, have been confounded with fundamental and technical roadblocks. Rapidly emerging investigations on the bioengineering prospects of mammalian ribonucleic acid (RNA) is expected to result in significant biomedical advances. More specifically, the current trend focuses on devising non-coding (nc) RNAs as therapeutic candidates for complex neurological diseases. Given the pleiotropic and regulatory role, ncRNAs such as microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs are deemed as attractive therapeutic candidates. Currently, the list of non-coding RNAs in mammals is evolving, which presents the plethora of hidden possibilities including their scope in biomedicine. Herein, we critically review on the emerging repertoire of ncRNAs in neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, neuroinflammation and drug abuse disorders. Importantly, we present the advances in engineering of ncRNAs to improve their biocompatibility and therapeutic feasibility as well as provide key insights into the applications of bioengineered non-coding RNAs that are investigated for neurological diseases.

Keywords: Non-coding RNA; bioengineering; biomarker; brain function; genetic regulation; neurological disorder; non-coding RNA therapeutics.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Bioengineering*
  • Biomedical Technology
  • Brain / metabolism
  • Brain / pathology
  • Humans
  • MicroRNAs / genetics
  • Nervous System Diseases / genetics*
  • RNA, Untranslated / genetics
  • RNA, Untranslated / metabolism*
  • RNA, Untranslated / therapeutic use

Substances

  • MicroRNAs
  • RNA, Untranslated

Grants and funding

This research received no external funding.