Pregnant and parenting women with opioid use disorder face multiple challenges to recovery. Trauma histories, poverty, stigma and discrimination, and lack of access to treatment intersect to marginalise this population. It is important that pregnant and parenting women with opioid use disorder receive comprehensive care to improve their health, the health of their child(ren), and prevent the intergenerational transmission of opioid and other substance use disorders. For nearly 50 years the Maternal Addiction Treatment, Education, and Research program has provided an evolving and expanding range of comprehensive services for treating opioid and other substance use disorders in this population. In this review the rationale for, and processes by which, key components of a comprehensive approach are discussed. These components include patient navigation for access to care, low-barrier medications for opioid use disorder, effective trauma-responsive therapy, prenatal and well-child healthcare, and other support services that make it possible for pregnant and parenting women to engage in treatment and improve the health of the entire family. Additionally, a method for supporting staff to build resilience and reduce fatigue and burnout is discussed. These components comprise an effective model of care for pregnant and parenting women with opioid and other substance use disorders.
Keywords: Opioid use disorder; addiction; parenting; pregnancy; prenatal.