Relationships Between Daily Device Use and Early Communication Outcomes in Young Children With Cochlear Implants

Objectives: Children with significant hearing loss can gain access to sound via a cochlear implant (CI), but they must wear the device to reap the communication benefits of the device. That is, poor daily device use may result in underdeveloped perceptual and language skills in children and adolescents using CIs. This retrospective study focuses on the relationship between daily CI use and communication performance (auditory skills, speech recognition, expressive and receptive language) in young children, with the hypothesis that greater daily device use coincides with better communication outcomes.

Design: The authors conducted a clinical chart review of patients with CIs younger than 5 years old who used at least 1 CI speech processor with datalogging technology. Participants (n = 65) had a mean chronologic age of 3.5 years, mean implantation age of 1.9 years, and mean device experience of 1.6 years. Approximately one quarter of participants had additional disabilities. Daily device use (i.e., datalogging information), child characteristics (e.g., age at CI), and assessments of communication skills (i.e., parent questionnaires, speech recognition tests, standardized language assessments) were obtained from each child's records. The investigators performed correlational analyses to examine relationships between communication outcomes and daily device use, and they employed group comparisons and correlations to identify child characteristics that were significantly associated with daily device use (p < 0.05, corrections for family-wise error).

Results: Young children with CIs used their device, on average, 6.7 hr/d, with 63% below full-time use (<8 hr/d). Children without additional disabilities who wore their CI more hours per day had significantly better auditory, speech recognition, and language skills. A significant correlation also emerged between daily device use and early auditory skills in young CI users with additional disabilities, though relationships were more complicated for this subsample. Longer daily device use significantly correlated with younger age at CI and longer device experience. Differences in device use occurred in regards to absence versus presence of additional disabilities, bilateral versus unilateral device configuration, sign versus spoken language, and private versus government-assisted insurance.

Conclusions: The strong relationship between daily device use and early communication suggests clinicians and parents should focus on increasing the number of hours per day young children wear their CIs to enhance auditory and language outcomes. However, intervention strategies must consider barriers to consistent device use and goals of the family to efficiently and effectively support families of young children with CIs who struggle with inconsistent device use.