Modular knee arthrodesis secures limb, mobility, improves quality of life, and leads to high infection control in periprosthetic knee infection, when revision knee arthroplasty is not an option

Introduction: This study compared the outcome of knee arthrodesis versus hinged total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in patients suffering from periprosthetic joint infection (PJI).

Methods: 104 patients with PJI were treated using a two-stage exchange of failed TKA. In case of non reconstructable bone loss or loss of extension mechanism, a modular intramedullary arthrodesis nail was used for reimplantation [Knee Arthrodesis Module (KAM); n = 52]. The control group was retrospectively matched treated using a hinged revision TKA [Rotating Hinge Knee (RHK); n = 52]. PJI remission rates, functional outcome (WOMAC; KSS) and quality of life (SF-12), as well as comorbidities and pain were evaluated.

Results: Mean age was 72.5 years. Charlson Comorbidity Index was higher in the KAM group (3.3 vs. 2.8). PJI remission rate was 89.4% (88.5% vs. 90.4%, respectively). In case of reinfection, implant retention was mostly possible in the RHK group (7.7%), whereas amputations were mostly performed in the KAM group (9.6%). Significant pain reduction (VAS 7.9-2.8) was achieved in both groups. Walking distance was significantly reduced in the KAM groups versus the RHK group (504 vs. 1064 m). WOMAC and KSS function scores were significantly reduced in the KAM group (25 vs. 40 and 35 vs. 64). Only moderate reduction in quality of life in the KAM group was observed (SF-12 physical: 34 vs. 40; SF-12 mental: 51 vs. 56) respectively.

Conclusions: Arthrodesis using a modular intramedullary nail is an alternative for limb salvage, pain reduction, and preservation of quality of life and everyday mobility, when revision TKA is not an option. This study presents the largest number of case, comparing the outcome after performing an arthrodesis versus hinged TKA after septic failed TKA.