1 Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
2 Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. wngwa@bwh.harvard.edu.
The time course of tumour responses to immunotherapies can be mathematically predicted on the basis of tumour-growth rates, the rates of immune activation and of tumour–immune-cell interactions, and the efficacy of immune-mediated tumour killing.