Objective: To evaluate the effect of standardized health education on the sputum specimen collection rate for nucleic acid detection of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Methods: Two hundred and twenty-seven patients in fever clinics and isolation wards of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital of Zhejiang University and 307 migrant workers returning to 5 enterprises in Shanghai from February 3 to March 14, 2020 were enrolled in the study. Through clarifying the procedures of collecting sputum specimens, making graphic/video health education materials, standardizing the contents and methods of health education, we conducted education to the subjects. The subject expectorated spontaneously or with medical assistance. For patients, the number of sampling attempts and sputum acquisition times were documented before and after the implementation of the standardized expectoration method; for the returning migrant employees in the enterprises, only the number of collected samples after the implementation of the standardized expectoration method were recorded.
Results: A total of 378 sputum samples were collected from 227 patients. The sputum sampling rates before and after the implementation of health education were 40.9%and 58.4%, respectively (P<0.01). A total of 304 sputum samples were obtained from 307 enterprise returnees, with a sample collection rate of 99.0%.
Conclusions: The education for standardized sputum sample collection method can effectively increase the sputum collection rate.
目的: 提高人群中2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）核酸检测痰标本的获取率。
方法: 以2020年2月3日至3月14日浙江大学医学院附属邵逸夫医院发热门诊及疑似隔离病房的227例患者，和上海地区5家企业307名返工人员为受试者，通过明确标准化痰标本采集的操作流程，制作图文/视频健康教育资料，规范医护人员的宣教内容、宣教流程，采取多样化的宣教方法对受试者进行宣教。受试者自行咳痰或在医护人员辅助下咳痰。记录受试者在标准化咳痰法实施前后的采样尝试次数、获痰次数，其中企业返工人群仅收集标准化咳痰法实施后的数据。
结果: 227例患者共采集核酸检测样本378例次，标准化痰液采集法实施前后的取痰率分别为40.9%和58.4%，差异有统计学意义（ P < 0.01）。307名企业返工人员共获痰304次，取痰率为99.0%。
结论: 标准化痰标本采集法可有效提高人群取痰率，可操作性强，具有临床推广意义。
Keywords: Coronavirus disease 2019; Health education; Nucleic acid detection; Sputum collection; Standardization.