1 Department of Orthodontics, University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa. Electronic address: steven-marshall@uiowa.edu.
2 Private practice, Lakewood, Colo.
3 Department of Orthodontics, University of Washington School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash.
4 Division of Graduate Orthodontics, Oklahoma University College of Dentistry, Oklahoma University, Oklahoma City, Okla.
5 Department of Orthodontics, University of Nevada Las Vegas School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nev.
6 Department of Orthodontics, Case Western Reserve University School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.
7 Division of Orthodontics, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY.
8 Division of Orthodontics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD.
9 Department of Orthodontics and Oral Facial Genetics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Ind.
10 Department of Orthodontics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.