[Reduction of HBV and HDV infection in two indigenousmpeoples of Peruvian Amazon after the vaccination against hepatitis B]

Salud Publica Mex. 2020 May-Jun;62(3):237-245. doi: 10.21149/11128.
[Article in Spanish]

Abstract

Objective: To determine the outcome of the vaccination against hepatitis, we determined the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis D virus (HDV) infections, eight years after introduction of the vaccination.

Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in 2 944 participants of 67 Kandozi and Chapra indigenous peoples in April 2010. Serological screening for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody anti-HBc IgM and IgG, antibody anti-HBs and anti-HDV were determined by ELISA tests.

Results: The prevalence rates of HBsAg, anti-HBc total, anti- HBs ≥10 mlUI/ml and anti-HDV were 2.3, 39.13, 50.95 and 2.11%, respectively. The prevalence rate of HBsAg in children <11 years was 0%. Among carriers of HBsAg, the prevalence rates of HDV and acute HBV infections were 2.11% (all were >14 years) and 11.94%, respectively. HBsAg and anti-HBc total were associated with individuals ≥10 years (p<0.001).

Conclusions: These findings show the elimination of HBVmcarriers in children <11 years, eight years following introduction of the vaccination against HBV.

Objetivo: Conocer el resultado de la vacunación contra la hepatitis B en las comunidades hiperendémicas Kandozi y Chapra de la Amazonia Peruana a partir de la prevalencia de infecciones por los virus de la hepatitis B (VHB) y Delta (VHD), ocho años después de iniciada la vacunación.

Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal en 2 944 pobladores de 67 comunidades indígenas Kandozi y Chapra en abril de 2010. El tamizaje serológico para el antígeno de superficie del VHB (HBsAg), anticuerpos anti-HBc IgM e IgG, anticuerpos anti-HBs y anti-VHD se determinaron mediante pruebas de ELISA.

Resultados: Las tasas de prevalencia del HBsAg, anti-HBc IgG, anti-HBs ≥10 mlUI/ml y anti-VHD fueron 2.3, 39.13, 50.95 y 2.11%, respectivamente. La prevalencia del HBsAg en niños <11 años fue cero. Entre los portadores del HBsAg, las tasas de prevalencia de sobreinfeccion por el VHD e infección aguda por el VHB fueron 2.11% (todos fueron >14 años) y 11.94%, respectivamente.

Conclusiones: Estos hallazgos muestran la eliminación de portadores de VHB en niños <11 años, ocho años después de iniciada la vacunación contra el VHB.

Keywords: Hepatitis B; Peru; immunization; indigenous population.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Age Distribution
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Female
  • Hepatitis Antibodies / blood*
  • Hepatitis B / epidemiology*
  • Hepatitis B / immunology
  • Hepatitis B / prevention & control
  • Hepatitis B Antibodies / blood
  • Hepatitis B Surface Antigens / blood
  • Hepatitis B Vaccines / administration & dosage*
  • Hepatitis B e Antigens / blood
  • Hepatitis B virus / immunology
  • Hepatitis D / epidemiology*
  • Hepatitis D / immunology
  • Hepatitis D / prevention & control
  • Hepatitis Delta Virus / immunology
  • Humans
  • Immunoglobulin G / blood
  • Immunoglobulin M / blood
  • Indians, South American / ethnology
  • Indians, South American / statistics & numerical data*
  • Infant
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Peru / epidemiology
  • Prevalence
  • Sex Distribution
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • Hepatitis Antibodies
  • Hepatitis B Antibodies
  • Hepatitis B Surface Antigens
  • Hepatitis B Vaccines
  • Hepatitis B e Antigens
  • Immunoglobulin G
  • Immunoglobulin M