Anterior cruciate ligament transection of rabbits alters composition, structure and biomechanics of articular cartilage and chondrocyte deformation 2 weeks post-surgery in a site-specific manner

Simo P Ojanen; Mikko A J Finnilä; Janne T A Mäkelä; Kiira Saarela; Emilia Happonen; Walter Herzog; Simo Saarakkala; Rami K Korhonen

doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.109450

Anterior cruciate ligament transection of rabbits alters composition, structure and biomechanics of articular cartilage and chondrocyte deformation 2 weeks post-surgery in a site-specific manner

J Biomech. 2020 Jan 2:98:109450. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.109450. Epub 2019 Oct 23.

Authors

Simo P Ojanen¹, Mikko A J Finnilä², Janne T A Mäkelä³, Kiira Saarela⁴, Emilia Happonen⁵, Walter Herzog⁶, Simo Saarakkala⁷, Rami K Korhonen⁸

Affiliations

¹ Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. Electronic address: simo.ojanen@uef.fi.
² Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. Electronic address: mikko.finnila@oulu.fi.
³ Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: janne.makela@uef.fi.
⁴ Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland. Electronic address: kiirasaa@uef.fi.
⁵ Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland. Electronic address: emiliah@uef.fi.
⁶ Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, AB, Calgary, Canada; Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, AB, Calgary, Canada. Electronic address: wherzog@ucalgary.ca.
⁷ Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland. Electronic address: simo.saarakkala@oulu.fi.
⁸ Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland. Electronic address: rami.korhonen@uef.fi.

PMID: 31740016
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.109450

Abstract

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury often leads to post-traumatic osteoarthritis (OA) and articular cartilage degradation, changing biomechanics of the tissue and chondrocytes, and altering the fixed charged density (FCD) and collagen network. However, changes in these properties are not known at a very early time point after ACL rupture, but recognizing early changes might be crucial for successful intervention. We investigated the effects of ACL transection (ACLT) in rabbits on the site-specific biomechanical properties of articular cartilage and chondrocytes, FCD content and collagen network organization, two weeks post-surgery. Unilateral ACLT was performed in eight rabbits, and femoral condyles, tibial plateaus, femoral grooves and patellae were harvested from experimental and contralateral knee joints. An intact control group was used as a reference. We analyzed chondrocyte morphology under pre- and static loading, cartilage biomechanical properties, FCD content and collagen fibril orientation. ACLT caused FCD loss in the lateral and medial femoral condyle, lateral tibial plateau, femoral groove and patellar cartilage (p < 0.05). Minor changes in the collagen orientation occurred in the femoral groove and lateral and medial femoral condyle cartilage (p < 0.05). Cartilage stiffness was reduced in the lateral and medial femoral condyles, and chondrocyte biomechanics was altered in the lateral femoral condyle and patellar cartilage (p < 0.05). We observed loss of FCD from articular cartilage two weeks after ACLT at several joint locations. These changes may have led to decreased cartilage stiffness and altered cell deformation behavior, especially in the femoral condyles.

Keywords: Anterior cruciate ligament transection rabbit model; Biomechanics; Chondrocytes; Collagen; Fixed charged density.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Animals
Anterior Cruciate Ligament / surgery*
Biomechanical Phenomena
Cartilage, Articular / cytology*
Cartilage, Articular / metabolism*
Cartilage, Articular / physiology
Chondrocytes / cytology*
Chondrocytes / metabolism
Collagen / metabolism
Extracellular Matrix / metabolism
Mechanical Phenomena*
Rabbits

Substances

Collagen

Grants and funding

FDN-143341/CIHR/Canada