OH radicals in the upper and middle atmosphere are important oxidants and play an important role in atmospheric photochemistry. A hyper-resolution spectrometer based on 308 nm glow was developed for obtaining OH radical concentration data in the upper and middle atmosphere. In order to verify the performance of the OH radical hyper-resolution spectrometer, several comprehensive ground experiments were carried out in this paper. The spectrometer observes OH radicals produced by a photochemistry reactor chamber to verify the detection ability of the instrument for characteristic signals. A solar observation experiment is used to evaluate the hyper-resolution spectroscopic ability of the spectrometer and the on-orbit field-of-slice-view function. In order to evaluate the detection ability of weak atmospheric background radiation, the experimental study of solar scattering light observation was carried out. The experimental results show that the spectrometer has the characteristics of ultrahigh spectral resolution (0.0086 nm), high sensitivity, and high signal-to-noise ratio. The ground observation results are consistent with the theoretical simulation values.